Hernias and the Role of Mesh A hernia occurs when an internal organ pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Common types of hernias include inguinal, femoral, umbilical, and incisional hernias. Surgical intervention is crucial to repair the hernia and prevent complications, such as incarceration or strangulation of the organ. A surgical mesh is a sterile, flexible sheet of woven material that acts like a scaffold. Its main job is to support

INTRODUCTION:   A hiatus hernia occurs when part of the stomach protrudes through the oesphageal opening of the diaphragm into the chest. This condition can cause discomfort and affect daily life. In this article, we will explore the types, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and management options for hiatus hernia.   What Is Hiatus Hernia? The oesophagus (food pipe) enters the abdomen through the diaphragmatic hiatus, a small opening in the diaphragm. The diaphragm acts as a barr

What are gallstones? • Small, pebble-like substances • Multiple or solitary • May occur anywhere within the biliary tree • Have different appearance - depending on their contents Types of Gall stones 1.Cholesterol stones 2.Pigment stones 3.Mixed stones Cholesterol stones •Large •Often solitary •Yellow, white or green •Made primarily of cholesterol (>70%) •Risk factors: –4 “F” : • F emale • F orty • F ertile • F at – F air (5th “F” - more prevalent in Caucasians) –

• The Appendix is a small, finger-like tube that hangs from the lower right side of the large intestine, i.e. the Caecum. • It is a vestigial organ i.e. the purpose of the appendix is not known. • Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency. • The incidence of appendectomy appears to be declining due to more accurate preoperative diagnosis. • Despite newer imaging techniques, acute appendicitis can be very difficult to diagnose. Pathophysiology Acute appendici

Video laparoscopy is a new tool in the surgical armamentarium. Laparoscopy represents a change of tactics aiming for the same goals of standard surgery i.e. · Safe; · Low morbidity; · Maximum chance of cure in case of malignant disease. In absence of frank contra-indications, ALMOST ALL types of surgery can be done laparoscopically. The question is why laparoscopy? ADVANTAGES OF LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY Smaller incisions compared to open surgery Smaller incisions, therefore les