The Role of the Surgical Mesh in Hernia Surgery
- Dr. Khojasteh Dastoor
- Oct 23, 2025
- 3 min read
Updated: Nov 6, 2025
Hernias and the Role of Mesh
A hernia occurs when an internal organ pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Common types of hernias include inguinal, femoral, umbilical, and incisional hernias. Surgical intervention is crucial to repair the hernia and prevent complications, such as incarceration or strangulation of the organ.
A surgical mesh is a sterile, flexible sheet of woven material that acts like a scaffold. Its main job is to support and strengthen weakened or damaged tissue, like the area where a hernia has occurred. By reinforcing the tissue, the mesh helps your body heal properly and significantly reduces the chance of the hernia recurring. With over 20 million hernia repairs performed worldwide each year, surgical mesh has become a cornerstone of modern surgery.
The Main Types of Mesh Your Surgeon Might Use
Not all meshes are the same. Your surgeon will choose the best type for you based on the specifics of your hernia and your individual health. Here are the main categories:
How is the Mesh Used in Surgery?
During the operation, the surgeon will place the mesh either over or under the weakened area of tissue. It is then secured in place with sutures (stitches), surgical tacks, or a special glue. This can be done through a traditional "open" incision or using minimally invasive techniques, which are:
Laparoscopic Surgery: This involves a few small incisions, through which a camera and surgical instruments are inserted. The mesh is rolled up, placed inside, and then secured. This approach often leads to a faster recovery and less post-operative pain.
Robotic-Assisted Surgery: This is the latest frontier, where the surgeon controls highly precise robotic arms to perform the procedure. This offers enhanced 3D visualization and dexterity, allowing for very accurate mesh placement through small incisions.
What are the Risks Involved?
While surgical mesh is generally very safe and highly effective, any medical procedure has potential risks. The majority of patients have successful, long-lasting repairs.
It is important to know that surgeons take great care in selecting the right patient, the right mesh, and using meticulous surgical techniques to minimize these risks.
When is it Alright Not to Use a Mesh?
For certain types of hernias, a "no-mesh" or "pure tissue" repair may be an option. These techniques use sutures alone to close the weakened area. This approach is typically reserved for:
Small hernias, especially umbilical (belly button) hernias.
Congenital hernias in children, where tissues are naturally strong.
Certain groin hernia repairs in young, active patients with good muscle tone.
Techniques like the Shouldice or Bassini repair are examples of tissue repairs. While they avoid implants, they can sometimes have a higher rate of hernia recurrence compared to mesh repairs.
Advancements in Mesh Technology
The field of hernia repair has seen significant advancements in mesh technology. These innovations enhance surgical outcomes and improve patient safety.
Lightweight Mesh
One notable advancement is the development of lightweight mesh. Traditional heavy-weight meshes provided strength but often caused chronic pain and discomfort. Lightweight meshes reduce the foreign body sensation while still offering adequate support.
Coated Mesh
Coated meshes have been created to reduce the risk of adhesion formation, which can lead to complications. These meshes are coated with materials that minimize tissue attachment, promoting smoother recovery.
Resorbable Mesh
Resorbable meshes gradually dissolve over time, allowing the patient's tissue to take over the support function. This innovation aims to reduce long-term complications associated with permanent meshes.
What Is Recovery Like After Mesh Surgery?
Following post-operative instructions is key to a smooth and successful recovery. Patients should expect some discomfort, which can be managed with prescribed medications. Gradually resuming normal activities is essential, but it is critical to avoid heavy lifting or strenuous exercise until cleared by the surgeon, usually after 3 months.
The Final Word
Surgical meshes have transformed hernia repair, making the procedure safer, more reliable, and more durable than ever before. The variety of meshes and advanced surgical techniques available today allows your surgeon to tailor the repair specifically to your needs, ensuring the best possible outcome.
Do not hesitate to ask your surgeon any questions you have about the type of mesh they plan to use and why it is the best choice for you. An open conversation is the best way to feel prepared and at ease.
DNB (Gen. Surg.), F.MAS, FIAGES, FALS(Hernia), FALS (Colo-rectal)
Consultant Laparoscopic & General Surgeon
Bhatia Hospital, Breach Candy Hospital, B. D. Petit Parsee General Hospital, Masina Hospital, ACI Cumballa Hill Hospital & Conwest & Manjula S. Badani Jain Hospital.
Mumbai, India
Mob: +91 9833109876; For Appointments: +9122 66660234 or click here
E-mail: ksd@drksdastoor.com Website: www.drksdastoor.com
Inguinal, Umbilical and Incisional Hernias are routinely done by me using a tailored approach for each patient, either Laparoscopically, Robotically, or by Open surgery.
Please feel free to contact me here if you have any queries.
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